Glossary
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Application: A formal request for financial assistance for a project/activity submitted to NIH on the appropriate application form.
Award: The provision of funds by NCI, based on an approval application and budget, to an organization or an individual to carry out an activity or project.
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Broad Agency Announcements (BAA): A special category of contracts. They describe an area of research in general terms and provide criteria for the selection of project teams to provide research to NCI.
Budget: A categorical or non-categorical request for funds required to support the proposed activity.
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Cooperative Agreement: An award instrument reflecting an assistance relationship between the NCI and a recipient in which substantial NCI programmatic involvement is anticipated during performance of the activity.
Contract (under a grant): A written agreement between a grantee and a third party to acquire routine goods or services.
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Grant: A financial assistance mechanism providing money, property, or both to an eligible entity to carry out an approved project or activity. Performance responsibility rests primarily with the recipient and there is little or no Federal involvement or participation in the performance of activities.
Grantee: The organization or individual awarded a grant or cooperative agreement by NCI that assumes legal, financial, and scientific responsibility and accountability both for the awarded funds and for the performance of the grant-supported activity. A grantee organization can be public or private, nonprofit or for-profit, educational institution, hospital, corporation, domestic or foreign agency, or other legally accountable entity.
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Initial Review Group (IRG): A group of study sections or peer review committees that are arrayed by scientific discipline. Study sections or peer review committees of scientists advise on the scientific and technical merit of research applications submitted for support.
Institute/Center (IC): The NIH organizational component responsible for a particular grant program(s) or set of activities. NCI is an IC.
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Master agreement announcements (MAA): Invite potentially qualified sources to submit their approaches, qualifications, and experience to perform research and development studies, support, or evaluation studies in a particular scientific/technical area.
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Notice (NOT): Announces policy and procedures, changes to RFA or PA announcements, RFPs and other general information items.
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Peer Review: A system of review of research applications that utilizes reviewers who are the professional peers of the principal investigator responsible for direction or conducting the proposed project.
Principal Investigator (PI): An individual designated by the recipient organization to direct the project or activity being supported by the grant. He or she is responsible and accountable to recipient organization officials for the proper conduct of the project or program. The organization is, in turn, legally responsible and accountable to NCI for performance and financial aspects of the grant-supported activity.
Program Announcement (PA): A formal statement that describes and gives notice to the grantee community of the existence of an NIH-wide or individual Institute/Center extramural research activity/interest or announces the initiation of a new or modified activity/interest or mechanism of support and invites applications for grant or cooperative agreement support.
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Recipient: The organizational entity or individual receiving a grant or cooperative agreement. See Grantee.
Request for Application (RFA): A formal announcement that invites grant or cooperative agreement applications in a well-defined scientific area to support specific program initiatives, indicating the amount of funds set aside for the competition and the estimated number of awards to be made.
Request for Proposal (RFP): Solicits contract proposals. An RFP usually has one receipt date, as specified in RFP solicitation.
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Scientific Review Administrator (SRA): A Federal scientist who presides over an Initial Review Group and is responsible for coordinating and reporting the review of each application assigned to his/her committee, thereby serving as an intermediary between the applicant institution and the reviewers of the application. The SRA prepares a summary statement for each application review by his/her IRC.
Small Business: A business, including its affiliates, that is independently owned and operated and not dominant in its filed of operation; has its principal place of business in the United States and is organized for profit; is at least 51 percent owned, or in the case of a publicly owned business, at least 51 percent of its voting stock is owned by U.S. citizens or lawfully admitted permanent resident aliens; has no more than 500 employees; and meets other regulatory requirements established by the Small Business Administration at 13 CRF Part 121.
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